El programa que trae de cabeza a Hacienda: así general la caja B los restaurantes. El Confidencial.
En los últimos años se ha popularizado un ‘software’ que esconde la facturación en B de los restaurantes. (Imagen: Enrique Villarino)
AUTOR
RAFAEL MÉNDEZ
Lo llaman ‘software de doble uso’ y es la última moda en los negocios que manejan mucho dinero en efectivo. Quieren dejar parte en el bolsillo de sus dueños sin pasar por la casilla de Hacienda. Un programa informático permite de forma sencilla, sin libros a mano ni complicidad de los empleados, llevar la Caja B y escamotear dinero al fisco. En los últimos dos años la Agencia Tributaria ha lanzado casi un centenar de operaciones contra estos programas. El éxito de estas inspecciones deja la duda de si Hacienda es muy eficaz -como vende- o si el programa está muy extendido -como parece-. O las dos cosas. Así es el software que trae de cabeza a Hacienda.
En septiembre de 2014, tres juzgados malagueños distintos dieron luz verde a la Agencia Tributaria en Málaga para irrumpir en un conocido grupo de restaurantes de la zona. Los Mellizos, llamados así porque pertenecen a los hermanos Montes, habían pasado de ser un chiringuito en los años setenta a gestionar seis restaurantes de pescado en la provincia. Su historia es la del trabajo duro, desde pequeños, tras la barra del bar. “Éramos pequeños y nacimos en un bar en la Malagueta. Mi padre y mi madre llevaban el negocio y en cuanto tuvimos edad de trabajar, empezamos con ellos”, explicó en una entrevista José Pascual Montes, uno de los hermanos.
Pero tras esa historia redonda de trabajo bien hecho, Hacienda intuía que había algo más, según fuentes próximas a la operación. Cuando pidieron a los juzgados entrar en la comunidad de bienes de sus dueños, en Los Mellizos Málaga y en el Restaurante Casa Juan, buscaban el programa informático de moda entre establecimientos que manejan mucho efectivo. Este ‘software de doble uso’ permite ocultar a Hacienda automáticamente, sin engorros ni libros en B, el porcentaje de la facturación que se decida. El cliente no nota nada.
Desde Al Capone tienes que llevar un libro negro, eso no es nuevo. La novedad es que si hace unos años era artesanal, ahora te lo hace la informática
Fuentes judiciales explican que el caso se saldó con una multa que rondaba los 3,5 millones en conformidad con Hacienda. Al pagar, nunca se llegó a juicio. Según estas fuentes, habían escamoteado millones al fisco con motivo de la caja B. La Agencia Tributaria aceptó el dinero sin denunciar el caso, algo que el letrado no quiere comentar.
En los últimos años, la Agencia Tributaria ha lanzado decenas de operaciones en busca de esos programas informáticos. Algunas conocidas y otras que han pasado desapercibidas. Carnicerías de toda España, mayoristas de pescado en Mercabarna, cadenas de restaurantes de comida italiana, conocidas marisquerías… tenían instalado un ‘software’ tan sencillo como lucrativo. Desde diciembre de 2014, Hacienda ha emprendido más de 95 registros en locales en busca de estos programas de ocultación.
Aunque ahora se ha multiplicado la caja B, las técnicas de supresión electrónica de ventas existen desde que los TPV, terminales de punto de venta, sustituyeron a las cajas registradoras allá por la década de los ochenta. Se dividen en dos tipos, según donde resida el ‘software’: se llama Phantonware cuando el programa se encuentra en el TPV y Zapper cuando la rutina necesaria para la estafa tributaria se encuentra en un dispositivo externo, como una llave USB.
El sistema se ocupa de todo: rehace la caja de modo que los números de tique sean correlativos y elimina los ingresos menos rastreables, como cafés o copas, así se genera la caja B.
El Phantomware es el método clásico, pero también el más arriesgado de cara a una inspección de Hacienda. Normalmente se modifica el ‘software’ para que surja un nuevo menú después de una combinación de teclas. Un distribuidor de TPV de Elche, que prefiere mantener el anonimato, detalla su funcionamiento: “En el menú B puedes escoger lo que quieras, desde la cifra que quieres distraer hasta cuántos impuestos quieres pagar ese día. Una vez lo seleccionas, el sistema se ocupa de todo: rehace la caja de modo que los números de tique sean correlativos y elimina los ingresos menos rastreables, como los cafés o las copas”. La hostelería es el sector que más se aprovecha de esta tecnología, ya que no dispone de un almacén en el que registrar las entradas y salidas.
El problema del Phantomware es que es fácilmente detectable en una intervención policial. “Si se llevan el TPV a la comisaría, acabarán encontrando la caja B. Puede que algunos hayan encriptado esas facturas, pero la policía va a saber que ahí hay algo y, antes o después, acabarán viendo tu facturación oscura”, dice el distribuidor. Más sofisticado es el método conocido como Zapper. En este caso, el ‘software’ que se instala en el TPV es impoluto, imposible de condenar en un juicio.
Sin embargo, el programa hace un llamamiento a leer la entrada USB (como hace su televisión para actualizarse, por ejemplo) y es ahí donde está la trampa. En la llave se ubica una rutina que puede funcionar de varias maneras: una vez pinchada, puede descargar todos los datos en la llave o bien reorganizar la facturación con el objetivo de ventas deseado. También puede decir al TPV que, mientras está pinchado, toda la facturación va a la caja B. Si la policía irrumpe en el local, basta con guardarse el USB en un bolsillo con la tranquilidad de que todo es correcto en el ‘software’ del TPV.
My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find almost all of your post’s to be
precisely what I’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers
to write content available for you? I wouldn’t
mind writing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you write concerning
here. Again, awesome site!
Thank you for sharing superb informations. Your web-site is very cool. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this web site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and just could not come across. What a great website.
Hello there,
My name is Aly and I would like to know if you would have any interest to have your website here at laubisa.es promoted as a resource on our blog alychidesign.com ?
We are in the midst of updating our broken link resources to include current and up to date resources for our readers. Our resource links are manually approved allowing us to mark a link as a do-follow link as well
.
If you may be interested please in being included as a resource on our blog, please let me know.
Thanks,
Aly
Wow! After all I got a webpage from where I know how to actually get valuable information concerning my study and knowledge.
Appreciating the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you provide. It’s great to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same out of date rehashed material. Excellent read! I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m including your RSS feeds to my Google account.
I conceive this website has got some real wonderful info for everyone. “Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever.” by Napoleon.
Excellent items from you, man. I’ve be aware your stuff prior to and you are just too fantastic. I actually like what you’ve obtained right here, certainly like what you’re stating and the best way by which you assert it. You’re making it entertaining and you still take care of to stay it sensible. I cant wait to read much more from you. This is really a wonderful website.
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
This is a topic which is close to my heart… Thank you! Where are your contact details though?
Please let me know if you’re looking for a author for your site. You have some really great articles and I think I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d really like to write some articles for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me an e-mail if interested. Cheers!
Yay google is my queen aided me to find this outstanding site! .
Everyone loves what you guys tend to be up too. Such clever work and exposure! Keep up the fantastic works guys I’ve added you guys to our blogroll.
There is noticeably a bundle to find out about this. I assume you made sure nice points in features also.
I like this website so much, saved to favorites.
Today, while I was at work, my sister stole my iphone and tested to see if it can survive a 30 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it with someone!
Email Accuracy Validation through a premium industry level software process to determine if the emails are valid and accurate. Accuracy of between 95 and 97 Bring down your bounce rate on your mass email clients and decrease penalty’s.Lower the chance of your domain address being flagged as spam.
Thanks – Enjoyed this article, how can I make is so that I receive an update sent in an email when you make a fresh post?
Hiya, I am really glad I have found this info. Today bloggers publish only about gossips and net and this is really irritating. A good site with interesting content, that is what I need. Thank you for keeping this web-site, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Cant find it.
I have been checking out some of your stories and i must say nice stuff. I will make sure to bookmark your site.
Good day! Would you mind if I share your blog with my facebook group? There’s a lot of people that I think would really appreciate your content. Please let me know. Cheers
I keep listening to the news broadcast speak about getting free online grant applications so I have been looking around for the best site to get one. Could you advise me please, where could i find some?
It is actually a nice and helpful piece of info. I?¦m glad that you just shared this useful info with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
I dugg some of you post as I cogitated they were very helpful very useful
Hi my friend! I want to say that this post is amazing, nice written and include almost all vital infos. I’d like to see more posts like this.
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we communicate?
I adore foregathering useful information , this post has got me even more info! .
It¦s actually a cool and helpful piece of information. I am satisfied that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
I am not certain the place you are getting your information, however good topic. I must spend some time studying much more or understanding more. Thanks for great information I was on the lookout for this information for my mission.
There are some interesting time limits in this article but I don’t know if I see all of them heart to heart. There may be some validity however I’ll take maintain opinion until I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we would like extra! Added to FeedBurner as well
Your house is valueble for me. Thanks!…
I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your website. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more enjoyable for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a developer to create your theme? Great work!
I was curious if you ever considered changing the layout of
your site? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with
it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or two pictures.
Maybe you could space it out better?
I have been reading out a few of your articles and it’s pretty good stuff. I will definitely bookmark your website.
I truly appreciate this post. I have been looking all over for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You have made my day! Thx again
Thank you for sharing excellent informations. Your site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched all over the place and just could not come across. What an ideal web-site.
Wohh precisely what I was looking for, thanks for posting.
I’ve recently started a site, the info you offer on this site has helped me greatly. Thank you for all of your time & work.
Hello! I’ve been following your weblog for a long time
now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a
shout out from Houston Tx! Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic work!
I am not sure where you’re getting your info, however good topic.
I must spend a while studying more or understanding more.
Thanks for magnificent info I used to be on the lookout for this information for my mission.
I know this website presents quality depending articles and extra material,
is there any other web site which gives these kinds of stuff in quality?
As soon as I found this site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
Somebody essentially help to make seriously articles I would state. This is the first time I frequented your website page and thus far? I surprised with the research you made to make this particular publish amazing. Magnificent job!
whoah this weblog is wonderful i like studying your articles.
Keep up the good work! You understand, lots of persons are searching around for this information,
you can aid them greatly.
I’m amazed, I have to admit. Seldom do I come across a blog that’s both educative and engaging, and
let me tell you, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is an issue that not enough people are speaking
intelligently about. I am very happy that I came across this during my search for something regarding this.
I want to to thank you for this wonderful read!!
I definitely enjoyed every little bit of it. I’ve got you saved as a
favorite to look at new things you post…
Thank you for the good writeup. It in truth used to
be a entertainment account it. Look advanced to more delivered agreeable from you!
By the way, how can we be in contact?
Hey! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Fantastic blog and amazing style and design.
I visited many web pages except the audio quality for audio songs present
at this site is truly superb.